AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

A systematic analysis of 27,000 law students, published in the Stanford Law Review in 2004, found that:

• "close to half of black students end up in the bottom tenth of their classes."

• entering black law students "are 135% more likely than white students to not get a law degree."

• blacks are "nearly six times as likely as whites to not pass state bar exams after multiple attempts."

• blacks earn "6% to 9% more early in their careers than do whites seeking similar jobs with similar credentials, presumably because many employers (including government employers) pursue moderate  racial preferences in hiring."

After testing many possible explanations for the racial performance gap, the author concluded that low performance was “a simple and direct consequence of the disparity in entering credentials between blacks and whites at elite schools."

A study published in the Social Science Quarterly in 2004 found, "Being African American instead of white is worth an average of 230 additional SAT points on a 1600-point scale."

A 2019 Georgetown University report lays out the would-be effects of selective colleges admitting students solely on the basis of their test scores.

The report says, "In addition to having more affluent students, selective colleges would become notably less racially diverse. The White enrollment would grow by about 14 percent. Meanwhile, the combined Black and Latino enrollment at selective colleges would be reduced by 43 percent, and Asian enrollment would  decline as well—by about 9 percent."

Mark J. Perry of the American Enterprise Institute examined medical school acceptance data and found, "[F]or applicants to US medical schools between 2013-2016 with average GPAs (3.40 to 3.59) and average MCAT scores (27 to 29), black applicants were almost 4 times more likely to be accepted to US medical schools than Asians in that applicant pool (81.2% vs. 20.6%), and 2.8 times more likely than white applicants (81.2% vs. 29.0%)."

"Likewise, Hispanic applicants to medical school during this period with average GPAs and MCAT scores were more than twice as likely as whites in that applicant pool to be admitted to medical school (59.5% vs. 29.0%), and nearly three times more likely than Asians (59.5% vs. 20.6%)," his analysis revealed.